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Some older limbs look like medieval torture devices. Others look like cartoonishly goofy enhancements that would make any steampunk fan weep with adoration. Join us as we take a look at the scary yet intriguing history of prosthetic limbs.

Here’s a gruesome wooden toe from around 600 B.C.

In the 1500s, knights who lost their arms in battle would have them replaced with iron arms, covertly blending into their armor.

The iron arm gained a hinge somewhere in the 1500s.

There was a flourish of different prosthetics during the 1800s. Some made limbs out of wood…

…and some made them out of leather.

This Civil War vet, Samuel Decker, made his own metal prosthetics. This is presumably his dining set.

The coolest prosthetics are the ones that don’t even try to look like human body parts. This one is an odd hook-hand made from the barrel of a gun.

This wooden leg with a revolver inside looks like something out of that Wild Wild West movie with Will Smith.

By the 1900s, there was an increase in elegance to the models. Notice here that the joints in the fingers are able to move.

Even the metallic models were made with appearance in mind.

Even in the 1900s, if you couldn’t afford to have your limbs made, you had to settle for something more functional and less beautiful.

I don’t know why, but old shoes and socks kind of creep me out.

This Swiss army style prosthetic arm is cool. Though what did you even need the hook for? Besides scaring away stowaways on your pirate ship, I mean.

Seriously, why have the hook when you can just attach a fork to your arm?

Stop! Hammer time!

I feel like it would almost make sense these days to include a phone in a prosthetic arm. It might be a little much, but it makes a lot more sense than a freakin’ hook!

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Dissection is a dirty job, but I suppose someone has to do it. Good on the brave souls that carry out this messy, disgusting job, as some of the most important achievements in modern medicine were discovered through human dissection. Still, this doesn’t make the act of dissecting a human being any less creepy.

Based on these vintage pictures from the early 1900s, it seems like surgeons back then really loved their jobs. They posed around the bodies they dissected like it was a fellow member of a grim fraternity. Oh, what a time to be alive! (Or dead.)

We’re cool with smoking cigars in the dissection room? Cool, cool.

“Such The Vultures Love” is presumably also the name of their super deep indie rock band.

I don’t like how that leg looks.

Cigars are fine, but dude, you can’t be smoking a pipe up in here. Nobody is gonna take you seriously.

It’s funny because surgeons had no souls!

There are probably about one thousand ghosts in this room right now.

See, this sort of thing makes us think the surgeons personally killed their cadavers.

Is this like the company Christmas card? I don’t understand.

The skull is a nice touch.

Something tells me the dude from West Virginia is the most twisted.

This is secretly just a picture of the ViralNova offices on a Monday.

Again, I can’t stress how important this time was for medical science. Many vaccines and surgical practices were probably developed by these men. I just wish they didn’t enjoy their job so much.

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You probably don’t think there were many nose jobs performed during the Renaissance in Europe. However, the practice of cosmetic nasal surgery was surprisingly common and highly sought after during this time in history. The reason why is much different than the driving motivation for rhinoplasty today.

Syphilis is a nasty sexually transmitted disease that made its way around Europe during the 16th century. Syphilis was incurable until penicillin came onto the scene in 1928. Those suffering from it could expect to experience terrible symptoms for the rest of their lives. These symptoms included skin ulcers, gradual blindness, paralysis, dementia, and eventually death

People with syphilis also usually developed a condition known as “saddle nose.” This is when the bridge of the nose caves into the face. Saddle nose is accompanied by the gradual rotting away of the surrounding flesh.

In Renaissance society, saddle nose became a mark of stigma. For those unafflicted, saddle nose was a symbol of the sufferer’s moral shortcomings and corruption. Due to this hostile atmosphere, those suffering from saddle nose turned to expert surgeons like Gaspare Tagliacozzi to help them hide or fix their deformities.

Tagliacozzi became famous for his unique surgical methods. Instead of cutting a piece of skin off of the forehead and attaching it to the nose (as was common at the time), Tagliacozzi did something counterintuitive. First, he cut a flap of skin from the upper arm, and molded it into the shape of a nose. Then Tagliacozzi would attach the newly-shaped skin nose to the patient’s face like in the picture below. The patient would then need to keep their arm in place for two weeks while the new nose healed. After it was healed, Tagliacozzi would sever the “nose” from the arm, and reshape the new skin into a nose. The entire healing process could take up to five months.

There were some who argued Tagliacozzi’s method was inferior to the more popular rhinoplasty of the time known as the “Indian Method.” In fact, there were a few reports of the noses that Tagliacozzi created turning purple and falling off in the winter. Though Tagliacozzi’s method fell out of fashion after his death, it was still occasionally used. This solider’s face was severely damaged in 1944, and Tagliacozzi’s Italian Method was employed to rebuild it.

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It’s one thing to be awake during your own brain surgery but to be awake and playing violin, that’s just crazy.

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According to Dr. Merav Shamir, it all started when Mango wasn’t able to move his right hind limb very well and 48 hours before the surgery he became completely paralyzed on both hind limbs.

Putting a 550 pound bear down for surgery is no easy task, but when Mango, a 19-year-old Syrian brown bear started to walk awkwardly zookeepers at Isreal’s Ramat Gan Zoological Center had to do something.
Mango, who has lived at the zoo his entire life, underwent several hours of surgery at the center’s animal hospital on Wednesday after X-rays revealed that he had a herniated disc between his second and third vertebrae. Dr. Merav Shamir, a veterinarian at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, said Mango was the largest animal she ever had to operate on.
The pictures below are from his extraordinary back surgery.

It took 15 zoo employees to place the 550-pound Mango on the operating table, and because the herniated disc was in a hard-to-reach location, the surgery team spent five hours just exposing Mango’s spine for surgery.

They propped his head up on a pillow wrapped in a trash bag and put an IV through his snout. They also wrapped a blood-pressure cuff around his right paw.

While such procedures aren’t uncommon on other animals at the Ramat Gan Zoological Center, this is reportedly the first operation of its kind ever to take place on a bear.

Only time will tell whether Mango’s surgery was successful; spinal disc herniation is considered a very painful condition for humans, but its frequency is unknown among bears.

It occurs when the disc — a spongy, absorbing substance — bulges out between the vertebrae or ruptures. If the disk touches a nearby nerve, it will cause pain wherever the nerve travels in the body.

Mango will undergo more tests in the days to come to tell if his spine is healing.

Poor (not so) little guy. Hopefully Mango will make a full recovery soon, and when he does he’ll have a cool new haircut to show his bear friends.

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24-year-old Sophie Yates before and after an orthognathic surgery to fix her extreme underbite.

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Jennifer Grey in 2010

Nicole Kidman in 1983

In 2008

Mickey Rourke in 1984

In 2010

Heidi Montag’s Body in 2006

In 2010

Heidi Montag’s Face in 2006

In 2010

Joan Rivers in the 1960s

In 2010

Jennifer Aniston in 1992

In 2010

Courteney Cox in 1988

In 2010

Jane Fonda in 1960

In 2008

In 2010

Lisa Rinna in 1997

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